Subsequent radiation of Pooideae into cooler environments is thought to be associated with evolution of mechanisms involved in low temperature stress. The most recent common ancestor of Pooideae grasses was adapted to tropical or sub-tropical climates. distachyon a suitable model plant for studying agronomic traits in Pooideae grasses.Ī characteristic feature of species in the Pooideae sub-family is their adaptation to temperate ecosystems, which is reflected in the global distribution of Pooideae grasses (Figure 1). Different ecotypes exhibit a range of adaptations to environments which also are important challenges faced in agricultural production systems, for example differences in flowering time, vernalization requirements, and disease resistance. distachyon possesses features typical of a model plant it is of relatively short height (15–20 cm), there are inbred lines with an annual and rapid life cycle (eight to twelve weeks), it’s genome is one of the smallest among diploid grass genomes (about 300 Mbp), and it can be genetically transformed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. distachyon genome to develop a model more suitable for temperate grasses than rice ( Oryza sativa). The Brachypodium genus is a phylogenetic sister group to the Triticeae (cereals) and Poeae (forage grasses) tribes, which provided compelling rationale for sequencing the B. distachyon as a model for holistic studies relevant for agricultural core Pooideae species.īrachypodium distachyon became the first Pooideae grass species to have its genome fully sequenced. However, the evolutionary history of key genes involved in low temperature responses has been different in Brachypodium and core Pooideae species. distachyon can serve as an interesting model for specific molecular mechanisms involved in low temperature responses in core Pooideae species. distachyon compared to core Pooideae species. distachyon FST gene homologs encode typical core Pooideae FST-motifs and low temperature induced fructan accumulation was dramatically different in B. distachyon, while CBF4 homologs are absent from the genome. A large cold responsive CBF3 subfamily was identified in B. Resultsīrachypodium distachyon contains cold responsive IRIP genes which have evolved through Brachypodium specific gene family expansions. distachyon to better understand its potential as a model species for agriculturally important temperate grasses. Here we used comparative analyses to study conservation and evolution of these gene families in B. The ice recrystallization inhibition protein (IRIP) genes, fructosyltransferase (FST) genes, and many C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes are Pooideae specific and important in low temperature responses. Little is known about the potential of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for low temperature stress responses in Pooideae.
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